Tribes of Peru
Home | Inca Rulers

Acos – lineage that governed, built, and managed allbridges. Chaca suioioc acos inger guamnochaca – title given to a governor of 1000 bridges. Von Hagen

Alcavizas - original people of Cuzco, called forth by Viracocha. Defeated by Inca Roca at the age of 2. Steele

Amautas - 800AD, ruled highlands for 60 generations. Incas used many of the agricultural and engineering feats. Bingham

Angares - along with Huancas, Yauyos, and Chauircos tribes attacked Lima from the South under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Antas – big eared, were re-settled to Vilcashuaman. Antis, Chunchos, Piros, and Campas tribes supported the neo-Inca state.Von Hagen

Araucanians – uncivilized warriors in N Chile, fanatical about their freedom. Topa Yupanqui took their best land and stopped at the Maule R. Hyams

Atabillo - along with Tarama, Huanuco, Huayla tribes attacked Lima from the north under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Atacameno – at Salar de Atacama, high desert with large salt lake. Speak Kunsa – quite different from Quechua and Aymara. Herds, irrigation from glaciers. Traded with the coast with goods from mountains. Von Hagen

Ayanarcas - along with the Chancas, Soras, and Yanyos fought with Huascar against Atauallpa. Hyams

Ayar - name of founding Inca ancestors. Manco Capac and family traveled to Cuzco. Many were transformed into huancas on their way to Cuzco. Wore fine clothes of wool woven with gold. Mamas wore rich cloaks with chumbis - sash and topos - large pins. Steele

Ayavari - women wear "large flat hats trimmed with beautiful upending brocade". Near Titicaca, NW. Von Hagen

Bahia - Ecuador. Alva

Cabana - Quechua speaking tribe in Colca valley. Neighbors to Collagua. Conquered by Incas in mid 15th century. Hyslop

Calima - Columbia, famous goldsmiths. photo. Alva

Campas - Antis, Chunchos, Piros, and Campas tribes supported the neo-Inca state. Von Hagen. Jungle tribe at Espiritu Pampa. Bareheaded and barefoot, painted faces, lip ornament. Men wore long tunics - symbol of marriage. Women wore necklaces of seeds and skins of birds. See Pichanguerras. Bingham

Canas - caps, “larger and greater in width,” road woolen hats, And ponchos. Village of Tinta and Temple of Viracocha. Von Hagen. Conquered by the third Inca, Lloqye Yupanqui. Hyams.

Canches - “wide filets of red or black passing over forehead.” Sicvani. Von Hagen

Cancharis - a Cancharis prisoner of Toledo's march to capture Tupac Amaru, tried to escape and warn Tupac. The prisoner was captured and hung at Ututo. Lee

Caņaris - “crowns of thick lathes, like those used for Sieve” province in Ecuador . Crowns of interwoven thick latches. Their hair was long and coiled around their head in a knotted crown and wore a round wooden ring. Controlled the area from Chimborazo to Loja. Large powerful tribe. Allied with many other groups including Jivaros. Excellent metalworkers of gold and copper. Had currency in salt and copper. In 1530 they offered to help Huascar and they capture Atahuallpa. Atahualla escaped and then ordered their slaughter. Thus they became enemies of A and later the Spanish’s most loyal allies. Von Hagen. From Ecuador, were resettled to Yucay Valley. Steele.

Cara – see Cayambi

Cario – Paraguay.Incas conquering Vilcabamba and Antisuyu areas forced tribes farther E into other tribal areas, all the way out to Paraguay. Juan Diaz de Solis replaced Amerigo Vespucci on his death. He sailed up the La Plata R hoping to get to the Pacific. He met the Cario tribe in 1515, who described the Incas as living where the sun set and had unlimited gold and silver. See Guarani. Von Hagen

Cavinas – wore large ear plugs, ponchos. Lived in Urcos area. Von Hagen

Cayambi – N Ecuador, part of the Cara people. Also called Caraques. Almost succeeded in maintaining liberty. Provided the most resistance in Inca history. Fought in open and fortresses. N tribes rebelled because cannibalism was outlawed. They rose up on a certain day and slaughtered all cucuricucs and garrisons – and ate.  Colla Topa – relative of Huayna Capac lead an elite force in first campaign, Cayambi held their ground. Second campaign lasted years and cost the Sapa Inca’s brother. H Capac was even knocked to the ground. The last time, the Incas faked a retreat, the Cayambi chased, a secret Inca rear group occupied the stronghold and trapped the Cayambi between the 2 forces. 20,000 died. Uncommon. Hyams. Lived in circular, earthwalled homes. Chiefs were buried in pits. They worshipped the sky and mtn peaks, Cayambe and Cotopaxi. Upon conquering, Huayna Capac ordered that all chiefs be beheaded at the edge of a lake – Yahuarcocha, bloody lake. Von Hagen

Chancas - Home is at Andahuaylas. Had attacked Cuzco under Hanco-Huallu with 8000 warriors. They were defeated on the Plain of Blood. They fled into the forests of Moyobamba (area of Chachapoyas) of the upper Maranon. For allowing their escape the Inca general, Capac Yupanqui was executed. Along with the Soras, Ayanarcas, and Yanyos fought with Huascar against Atauallpa. Hyams. Believed that they descended from the puma. On feast days the chief would dance in a puma skin. 1400 moved S to Abancay and Curahuasi to control the bridges. 1437 besieged Cuzco, Inca Viracocha fled and Pachacutic raised up and defeated them. Von Hagen Controlled the area of Andahuaylas to Huancavelica and Ayacucho. A confederac of semi-independant groups. Steele . Descended from Huari. Alva

Chancay – Central coast in Chancay valley. A Von Hagen photo

Charcas - sturdy people in territory given to Almagro. Gonzalo and Hernando forced them into obedience. Maybe near Porco & Potosi. Prescott

Chauircos - along with Huancas, Yauyos, and Angares tribes attacked Lima from the South under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Chichas - supplied incense for religion. Von Hagen. In Chincha valley. Organized by specialties. Capital – La Centinela. Had 3 great roads, mounds painted white with friezes. A Von Hagen . Along with the Pocona and Consora tribes rise to Manco's rebellion request of 1539 Mar. Gonzalo led 20 calvary against them and captured Gen Tiso. MacQuarrie

Chinchas - on coast S of Lima, grew cotton, roads with 12 ft high walls, fomidable warriors, ventured into the mountains to conquer and collect spoils. Futally resisted the Incas. von Hagen. Small kingdom in Chincha and Ica Valley. Highly organized - farmers, fisherman, and merchants. They traded along the coast, all the way to Ecuador and highlands. La Sentinela was the capital. Made textiles of bird feathers. photo Alva

Chinchay - around lake Chinchaycocha (Junin), 2nd largest lake in S America, fought against the Incas, but became loyal vassals upon defeat. Von Hagen

Chiriguana – from Paraguay, raided the Inca frontier in 1523 with the help of Spaniard, Alejo Garcia. A report of this was sent back to Huayna Capac. The Spanaird was later killed by the Chiriguana.

Chumpi-vilcas - dancers (not from Cuntisuyu). Von Hagen

Chuncos - Antis, Chunchos, Piros, and Campas tribes supported the neo-Inca state. Von Hagen. Defeated by Inca Roca. Cannibals. Steele . Conquered by Tupac Inca in the Vilcabamba jungle. MacQuarrie

Chuquisaca – wore beautiful handwoven clothes. Von Hagen photo

Chuquimanco – on S coast in valley of Lunahuana. Incas fought for a long time. Hemming

Collas – or Qollas, Collao. L Titicaca. Often grouped with Lupaca. Large herds of llamas and alpacas. Hilltop fortresses for refuge, buried dead in chullpas. A Von Hagen. Caps shaped like plump box of wool, Titicaca. Von Hagen. Conquered by the third Inca, Lloqye Yupanqui. Revolted with the Lupaca, Pucasa, and Omasuy when false news of the death of Topa Yupanqui reached them. Topa’s armies quickly left the jungles and climbed t0 12,000 ft and crushed the rebels. Hyams. Pachacuti used them to build Ollantaytambo. Chuchi Capa was the great chief. Was killed when Incas invaded their area. His sons were forced as labor to build Ollantaytambo. When the Inca withdrew from Ollantay, the son fled with his people back to their home. Along the way, they raised up neighboring tribes in revolt. Pachacuti stopped the revolt with difficult fighting and much bloodshed. Hemming. Aymara speaking tribe neighbors with Cabana tribe in Colca valley. Conquered by Incas in mid 15th century. Hyslop

Collique - area of Chancay. Culture on central coast. Alva

Conchucos - 1538, Inca general, Illa Tupac led a revolt. They marched on Trujillo, killing any Spaniard. Illa controlled the Huanuco area. Hemming

Consora - along with the Pocona and Chicha tribes rise to Manco's rebellion request of 1539 Mar. Gonzalo led 20 calvary against them and captured Gen Tiso. MacQuarrie

Cuismancu - subjected by Incas in 1450. Mentioned by chroniclers. No evidence found of their existence. Alva

Cupisnique - pottery shows housing style. Alva

Curayaco - Lima, Early Horizon. Alva

Cuyos - Pisac is a royal estate for Pachacuti, built after conquering the Cuyos - one of the first ethnic groups conquered. MacQuarrie

Guarani – Paraguay. Incas conquering Vilcabamba and Antisuyu areas forced tribes farther E into other tribal areas, all the way out to Paraguay . Garcia Alejo, Portugese, joined the Guarani and raided several Inca outposts. Von Hagen. Tribe of E Bolivia. Fought by the Incas at about 1520s, near the time of Spanish arrival. Hemming.

Hualla - coca producing locals at Huanaypata of Cuzco. Mama Huaco led the battle to win the field. Ripped out lungs and wombs of defeated. Then they planted maize. Steele

Huayla - along with Atabillo, Huanuco, Tarama tribes attacked Lima from the north under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Huancas – Wankas. “Field Guardians”. short ropes that hung down to chin, hair plaited. Jauja, central Peru. Von Hagen. Mantaro basin, defensive walls. A Von Hagen. People of Huancayo are called Wanka. R Roscoe. Along with Angares, Yauyos, and Chauircos tribes attacked Lima from the South under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Huanuco - along with Atabillo, Tarama, Huayla tribes attacked Lima from the north under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Huancane - tribe on north shore of L Titicaca. Hemming

Huari - see Wari.

Ichma – Ychma, Ichimay. Brought together Lurin and Rimac valleys. Religious based and control Pachamac adobe pyramids with ramps. 1200 – 1400. A Von Hagen

Jama Coaque - Ecuador, 500BC. photo. Alva

Jivaros – of the upper Amazon, practiced head shrinking. Traded and supported Canari.

Killke - descended from Quotakalli, from Huari. Alva

Kunsa – language spoken by Atacamenos of the high deseret of Atacemena. Quite different from Quechua and Ayamara. Von Hagen

Lares – original inhabitants of Ollantaytambo, 1400. 1440 destroyed by raiding Incas. Von Hagen

Lucana - carry Manco from Vitcos in relays as Orgonez pillages the capital. MacQuarrie

Lupaca – and Qolla. L Titicaca. Large herds of llamas and alpacas. Hilltop fortresses for refuge, buried dead in chullpas. A Von Hagen. Revolted with the Collas, Pucasa, and Omasuy when false news of the death of Topa Yupanqui reached them. Topa’s armies quickly left the jungles and climbed t0 12,000 ft and crushed the rebels. Hyams . 1539 Mar. The Lupacas, W of Titicaca, rise up at Manco's rebellion request. Hernando and Gonzalo and Paullu Inca lead a force. They crush the Lupacas and kill the chief. MacQuarrie

Manosuyus - conquered by Tupac Inca in the Vilcabamba jungle. MacQuarrie

Mañaries - native group of Vilcabamba jungle. Bingham

Momoris - native group. Bingham

Moche – portrait vessel. photo. Alva

Opataris - conquered by Tupac Inca in the Vilcabamba jungle. MacQuarrie

Quichas - brown skin, straight black hair - seldom graying or balding, often long and braided by men in certain areas. Well preserved teeth. Broad, short faces - often pock marked, no freckles. Fit and very strong shoulders, back and calves. Weak fore arms shown through 'fishy' handshakes. Similar to Labrados Eskimos. Bingham

Qolla – see Collas.

Quotakalli - ethnic group in N part of Cuzco valley, Huari influenced. See Killke. Alva

Omasuyu – Aymaran. Revolted with the Collas, Lupaca, and Pucasa when false news of the death of Topa Yupanqui reached them. Topa’s armies quickly left the jungles and climbed t0 12,000 ft and crushed the rebels. Hyams

Palta – wore their hair long, the Peruvian word for avocado, which grew to the size of melons here. They elongated their children’s skulls. Von Hagen

Pasto – trive in extreme N. Rebelled against Huayna Capac strongly, but he put it down with ferocity. Hyams

Picunches – north people.  Of chile, Coquimbo, Choapa R. Gonzalo Calvo was ordered to have his ears cut off by Pizzaro. He desereted and traveled alone 2000mi to Chile and set up life among the Picunches in valley of Aconcagua. Almagro ran into him during march to Chile.

Pichanguerras - sub-tribe of Campa. Bingham

Pilcosuni - populated Vilcabamba city. MacQuarrie

Piros - Antis, Chunchos, Piros, and Campas tribes supported the neo-Inca state. Von Hagen

Pocona - along with the Consora and Chicha tribes rise to Manco's rebellion request of 1539 Mar. Gonzalo led 20 calvary against them and captured Gen Tiso. MacQuarrie

Pucasa – Aymaran. Revolted with the Collas, Lupaca, and Omasuy when false news of the death of Topa Yupanqui reached them. Topa’s armies quickly left the jungles and climbed t0 12,000 ft and crushed the rebels. Hyams

Puruha – Ecuador. Capital at Riobamba (Lirepampa). Densely populated, wore sleeveless woolen ponchos, wore their hair long, piled up in a circle around the head, spoke Quechua and their own language. Von Hagen

Purumacha – S of Maule R in Chile. Fierce, stopped Inca advancement. Von Hagen

Quimbaya - finest Colombian goldsmiths. photo. Alva

Runcanas - sturdy people who lived W of Cuzco. They carried the Inca’s litter, wore blue. Changed in relays of 8. Lived in the area W of Vilcashuaman. Von Hagen

Sacharuna - conquered by Tupac Inca in the Vilcabamba jungle. MacQuarrie

Sapacaties - native group. Bingham

Sauseray - led by a strong chief Copalimayta, he was defeated and fled. Manco Capc and Mama Huaco settled at Cuzco and took control of fields, houses, and people.

Sicuani - "woolen wimples which encase the head ununlike and fell across the shoulders." Von Hagen

Soras – along with the Chancas, Ayanarcas, and Yanyos fought with Huascar against Atauallpa. Hyams Lived in the area W of Vilcashuaman. Von Hagen

Tairona - Columbia, goldsmiths. photo. Alva

Tampu - one of 4 original tribes that founded Cuzco from the Ayar brothers. Hemming

Tanquiha – local tribe of Vilcashuaman. Von Hagen

Tarama - along with Atabillo, Huanuco, Huayla tribes attacked Lima from the north under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Wanka – see Huanca

Wari - ancestors were 8 bearded giants. Steele. Based near Ayacucho.

Yanyos - along with the Chancas, Ayanarcas, and Soras fought with Huascar against Atauallpa. Hyams

Yauyos - along with Huancas, Angares, and Chauircos tribes attacked Lima from the South under General Quizo (Manco, 1537). MacQuarrie

Ychma – see Ichma

Yuncas - “muffled like gypsies” on the coast. Von Hagen

Yungas - tribe famous for their beauty. Used by Titu Cusi to temp Frs Marcos and Diego. Bingham

Yachas - people of Huanuco, before the Incas conquered & resettled. Von Hagen

Inca Rulers

Manco Ccapac - wrote about by Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamayhua, 1620. Manco and his brothers moved to Cuzco. Bingham. photo. His wife sister was Mama Ocllo. photo

Sinchi Roca - photo

Lloque Yupanqui - photo

Mayta Capac - photo

Capac Yupanqui - photo

Inca Roca - built the royal estate at Larapa. Niles

Yahar Huacac - photo

Viracocha Inca - photo - pre 1438. Niles
Built the royal estate at Huch' uy Qozqo, or Calca. Niles

Pachacuti Inca Yapanqui - photo. 1438 - 1471. Niles
- Rebuilt Coricancha after his vision at the shrine, Susurpuquiu - a pacarina, spring. A god dressed in puma skins, serpents, and earspools witha headress of sun rays - see through a mirror. The god told Pachacuti of his divine kinship and predicted his victory of the Chancas. Molina, Sarmiento, Betanzos, Burger
- Built several royal estates, Pisac, Picchu, Tambo Machay. When conquering a new area the estate was a good example of benefits of Inca life - architecture, agriculture, terracing, conscript labor and large scale. Niles
- He was the last of the Amautas. Killed in battle at La Raya. His followers fled to Tampu-tocco, "healthy place", and his body was put into a cave. Peru fell into chaos. Titi Trauman Quicho was made king. Bingham. Conquered the Vilcabamba region. MacQuarrie

Topa Inca Yupanqui - photo. 1471 - 1495. Niles
Tupac Cauri (Pachacuti VII) started writing on leaves. He sent ambassadors to the factions to stop their evil ways and idol worship. He was rejected. The writing was seen as insulting to the gods. So it was stopped and quipus were used. Montesinos, Bingham. He started a school for use of quipu. Bingham See quipus.
- Thupa Inca 1471 - 1493. Hyslop.
- Tupac Inca called the 4 Quarters to Cuzco to request their tribute. From the Antisuyu he asked for the hard palm wood. The Antis revolted. Tupac Inca marched a powerful army in. He lost half his men to sickness, but built roads and conquered the Antis. He was unable to force them to pay tribute, they had to trade. The incas built roads and settlements. He orders Vilcabamba city built as an administrative center. MacQuarrie

Huayna Capac - photo. 1498 - 1527/8. Niles
Huayna Capac straightened the Urubamba R, employing 150,000 laborers to move rich soil to terraces and fill in swampland. Probably near Yucay - "richest of estates near Cuzco." Niles. Rahua Ocllo - Huayna's consort, who like to raise doves and garden. Niles

Huascar. 1527/8 - 1532. Niles

Atahuallpa. 1532 - 1533. Niles
- Chullcuchima - Atahuallpa's captured general to was put to trial by Pizarro. He was blamed for the insurgency - burned alive. Prescott
- Quicpai - Atahualpa's general, read the carges against Huascar and his wives and children. All were killed. Chacnac, whipping used to torture before being killed. Even unborn babies removed from mothers and hung. Chambi, battle ax used to smash heads of remaining prisoners. MacQuarrie
- Quisquis - Atahualpa's head general.

Tupac Huallpa - Pizarro crowned him Sapa after garoting Atahualpa, but he got sick and died within 2 months. MacQuarrie

Manco Capac II - Son of Huayna Capac. Mother was Mama-Runtu. His sister-wife was Cura-Ocllo. MacQuarrie
- Nov 1533. He met Francisco Pizarro on his march to Cuzco at Jaquijahuana. He was 17. Manco had been on the run from Atahualpa and his general, Quisquis, who controled Cuzco and murdered his entire family. Manco wanted revenge and the crown and saw Pizarro as an ally. MacQuarrie
- Pizarro named him Inca in 1534. Bingham
- 1535 Nov. He calls a secret meeting of generals and govenors to discuss rebellion. Manco fled south, he was betrayed and captured by Gonzalo. General Tiso organized the armies near Jauja. Natives stategically killed Spanish whenever they were alone. Manco was kept in chains. MacQuarrie
- 1536 Jan. Hernando returns from shipping the Cajamarca gold to Spain. He releases Manco. MacQuarrie
- 1536 Apr 18. Manco and Villac Umu leave Cuzco under the pretense of bringing gold back for Hernando. They got to Calca and began organizing the siege. At Lares, Manco meets with his generals: Tiso, Quizo Yupanqui, Illa Tupac, Puyu Vilca. MacQuarrie
-He didnt like Pizarros control, he rebeled by raising a massive army and sieging Cuzco. Almagro broke the siege in 1536. Manco retreated to Ollantaytambo. Pizarro's calvary forced another retreat, this time to Vitcos in the Vilcabamba. -- Cieza says Manco retreated with hordes of treature. Bingham believes this is highly unlikely - gold was of little use and not used in paing his servants, this was a Spanish mentality. -- From Vitcos Manco ambushed Spanish traffic and settlements. Pizarro sent Cptn Villa Diego to attack Manco. Near the Panticalla Pass the soldiers were ambushed and all but 3 died. -- Pizarro captured Mancos wives. He had her stripped, flogged, and shot to death with arrows. -- The first viceroy arrived in 1544 with New Laws about the treatment of natives - no repartimientos, native serfs and servants. Gomez Perez, an Almagro refugee with Manco was sent to Lima to meet the Viceroy and offer Manco's services. He was well received. -- During a game a disagreement broke out and in a Spanish rage, Manco was murdered. Bingham
- 1536 May and June. General Quizo succeeded in killing 200 spanish, almost all calvary. See Ayacucho and Pampas R bridge. MacQuarrie
- 1537 July. Almagro send Rodrigo Orgonez to capture/kill Manco with 300 soldiers. Orgonez surprised Manco at Chuquichaca, they routed the defense and crossed the bridge and rescued Rui Diaz and other spanish prisoners. He quickly moves on to Manco's capital, Vitcos. While the soldiers are collecting gold, Manco flees while being carried by relaying Lucana tribesmen. Orgonez captures Manco's son Titu Cusi and the mummies of Huayna Kawri, Viracocha Inca, Pachacuti, Topa Inca Yupanqui, and Huayna Capac. MacQuarrie
-1538 late. Pizarro send Cpn Illan Suarez de Carvajal to stop Manco's guerilla attacks on supply chains. He travels to Andahuaylas with 200 calvary. Cpn Villadiego was told to capture the bridge over Pampas R. He surprised the guards and learned that Manco was in Oncoy with only 80 soldiers. Villadiego decided to charge ahead despite orders and capture Manco. Manco's wife first saw the approaching spanish. Manco ordered the women to stand along the ridge with lances to look like a large warrior force. Manco and 4 nobles were followed by rest of the warriors and charged down after the spanish - of the 30 all were killed or fell from the cliff. MacQuarrie
-1539 Mar. Manco again orders a native rebellion. High priest and his troops rise up in the Cuntisuyu. The Lupacas W of Titicaca rise up. Hernando and Gonzalo and Paullu Inca lead a force. They crush the Lupacas and kill the chief. Consora along with the Pocona and Chicha tribes rise. Gonzalo led 20 calvary against them and captured Gen Tiso. Francisco led a group for 8 months and captured Villac Umu. MacQuarrie
-1539 Apr. Gonzalo leads 300 spaniards to kill Manco. Paullu Inca accompanies leading a large native group. Paullu had begun wearing spanish clothes and lived the emperors life style. The group crossed Chuquichaca bridge unopposed, passed the abandoned Vitcos. They crossed the Colpacasa Pass and down the Pampaconas R. Manco had bridges and fake path built. The spanish followed in into a narrow canyon. Boulders were dumped upon them and Antis showered them with arrows. Unfortunately it was early and many spanish were able to retreat. 36 died. Gonzalo sent Manco's half brothers Inquill and Huaspar to negotiate. Manco personally killed them. Cura Ocllo was devistated - nearly all her brothers were dead. -- At stone outcrop blocked the spanish from Vilcabamba. anco had a wall built on top. The first spanish attack was rebuffed by Manco's new gunfire. They held back the spanish for several days. Gonzalo ordereda frontal attack while sending troops up around the hillside. They were then able to fire down on Manco. He fled across the river. -- Gonzalo found Vilcabamba abandoned, he ransack the city and captured Cura Ocllo. MacQuarrie
-1539 July. Gonzalo returns to Cuzco without Manco. Francisco had Cura Ocllo tortured and killed. He had her body floated down the Vilcanota R to Manco. He had Villac Umu and Gen Tiso and other Inca prisoners burned alive. MacQuarrie

Cusi Rimac - Manco's brother. Pizarro crowned him Sapa Inca hoping to weaken Manco. Cusi was sent to Juaja with 20 soldiers for protection. When General Quizo attacked, the entourage rose up and killed all but 2 spanish. MacQuarrie

Paullu Inca - crowned Inca by Almagro. He had guided Almagro on his southern trip. His father was Huayna Capac and mother Anas Collque, a non-inca from Huaylas. See Manco 1539 Mar and Apr. MacQuarrie

Sayri Tupac - child king. Viceroy had his Aunt Beatrix Coya invite Sayri to visit her in Cuzco. Sayri kept the messenger prisoner and asked that a trusted cousin, John Sierra, negotiate. Viceroy sent Fr Melchior and John Betanzos (married Atahualpa's daughter). They were detained at the Chuquichaca Bridge. Sierra was allowed to pass. Melchior and Betanzos were allowed later. Sayri rejected their offer and they were sent home via passage across Apurimac. Sierra convienced him of an interesting life in Cuzco. He traveled by litter to Lima to meet with Viceroy then on to Cuzco. He stayed with his aunt. Well documented by Garcilaso, who visited him. -- Sayri received the Royal Fringe, was baptised and married to royal blood and moved to Yucay. He had a daughter who later married Cpt Garcia. Sayri died in 1560. Bingham

Titu Cusi - Illegitimate son of Manco, mother not royal. Bingham. -- Diego Rodriguez de Figueroa was the first to visit Titu in Vitcos. Romero came and received permission to prospect for gold and was successful. Fearing more Spaniards, Titu had him killed. Bingham
-1570. Francisco de Toledo arrived as new Viceroy. He wanted the Incas subjegated. He sent Tilano de Anaya to persuade Titu to move to Cuzco. Bingham
-1571 May. Titu came to visit a sacred shrine at Puquiura to honor his father's death. Titu was sick, the next day he died at the age 41. MacQuarrie. (Fr Diego was blamed for his inability to heal him. Bingham.) Fr Ortiz was blamed for his death. He was beaten then ordered to say Mass and raise Titu from the dead. They tied a rope through his jaw and dragged him for 2 days to Vilcabamba. MacQuarrie

Tupac Amaru - Untrained in war when Tilano arrived at Chuquichaca bridge. He was killed. Toledo took the occasion to make war on Tupac. He sent one group via Limatambo and Curahuasi to stop a flee across the Apurimac R. General Martin Hurtado and Cpn Garcia left via Chuquichaca. The crossed the pass and bridge unchallenged. Bingham
-1571 May. Tupac became the new ruler at Titu's death. Fr Ortiz was dragged for 2 days to Vilcabamba . But Tupac refused to see him. He was killed at Marcanay. MacQuarrie
-1571 July. Tupac Amaru allowed noone to enter the Vilcabamba, killing all envoys, including the personal friend of the Viceroy Toledo. MacQuarrie
-1572 May. Toledo forces included 250 spanish and 2000 natives, sent through Chuquichaca. Another force of 70 spanish approached from Apurimac R. MacQuarrie
-1572 Jun 24. Arbieto finds Vilcabamba burned and abandoned. Tupac had hoped the lack of food would force the spanish to return home. He fled down the Cosireni R. Cpn Martin Garcia led one of the groups in search. He was captured with his pregnant wife in the Momori valley, 200mi from Vilcabamba. MacQuarrie
-1572 Sep 21. Arbieto returns to Cuzco with Tupac Amaru. MacQuarrie
-1572 Sep 24. Tupac is led to the main square for his execution. The entire city and hillsides were full with people to see the last Inca. A great wail rose among the crowd. Tupac raised his hand then lowered it - all become silent. MacQuarrie


Bibliography
More information on the bibliography is available on the previous page.

Prescott, William. The History of the Conquest of Peru. He created the first compresive history of the fall of the Incas.

Von Hagen, Victor. Highway of the Sun. Duell, Sloan and Pierce, NewYork: 1955.

Von Hagen, Victor. Realm of the Incas. New American Library, New York: 1957.